What is the function of a network switch?

A network switch is designed to connect multiple devices on a local network, allowing them to communicate with each other efficiently. It operates at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model and uses MAC addresses to identify each device on the network. The switch creates a separate collision domain for each connected device, enhancing overall network performance by reducing collisions that can occur in a shared network environment.

When a switch receives data packets, it examines the destination MAC address and determines which port to use for forwarding the packet to ensure it reaches the appropriate device. This functionality enables effective management of data traffic within a local area network (LAN) and is fundamental to maintaining the connectivity and performance of modern networking environments.

Understanding this core functionality highlights the significance of a switch in local networks compared to other devices like routers, which are responsible for routing data packets between different networks, and amplifiers, which strengthen signals but do not connect devices. Thus, the primary role of a network switch focuses on connectivity and communication within a singular network space.