What does the term "network topology" describe?

The term "network topology" refers to the arrangement and organization of various components within a network. This includes both the physical layout — such as how cables are run and how devices are interconnected — and the logical arrangement, which describes how data flows between those devices. By understanding network topology, technicians can optimize performance, identify points of failure, and ensure efficient data transmission.

The other options focus on different aspects of networking. The protocol for transmitting data is concerned with the rules governing communication over the network, while software configuration deals with the setup and settings of devices. Data transmission speed relates to the performance capability of the network rather than its structure. Therefore, A accurately captures the essence of network topology by encompassing both the physical and logical aspects of how a network is organized.